Abstract

First and foremost, we describe a new technique that uses eye movement to control the cursor. Certain solutions impose stringent constraints on individuals with motor impairments and depend on tangible objects such as mice or touchpads. Using eye-tracking technology, our method establishes a connection between human visual attention and computer interaction. We study the subtle gaze patterns that emerge, enabling both cursor control and the formation of an interaction context sense. Our approach converts gaze data into a cursor's movements. It is very adaptable and accurate. Because cursor motions are produced by the pattern of gaze movement, the interface is more dynamically accurate and behaviourally specific. The context- aware interface learns and adapts, maximizing efficiency through its adaptability. Furthermore, our study presents a novel strategy to provide an eye-controlled mouse system using software tools. This system accurately recognizes facial features and interprets eye movements through image processing techniques. The system enables intuitive cursor control by interpreting observable eye movements. Transforming eye motions into a cursor's actions enhances user accessibility and hands-free interaction; in other words, its performance is captured in the experimental analysis.

Keywords: Eye-controlled cursor interface; Visual tracking technology; Pattern analysis; Software tools; User accessibility; User-centric design; Adaptive systems

References

1. Sivasangari A., et al. “Eyeball-based cursor movement control”. 2020 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE (2020).
2. Dhanasekar J., et al. “System Cursor Control Using Human Eyeball Movement”. 2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE). IEEE (2023).
3. Narahari Dheeraj., et al. “Eyeball Movement-Based Cursor Control for Physically Challenged People. No. 7587”. EasyChair (2022).
4. Ganga Vidhat., et al. “Eye ball movement controlled mouse and keyboard using camera”. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology.
5. Chandra B, M Rohit and R Sriram Vignesh. “Eyeball Movement Cursor Control Using OpenCV”. ECS Transactions 107.1 (2022): 10005.
6. Mangaiyarkarasi M and A Geetha. “Cursor control system using facial expressions for human-computer interaction”. International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics 8.1 (2014): 30-34.
7. Sabab Shahed Anzarus., et al. “Eye Pointer: A real time cost effective computer controlling system using eye and head movement”. no. c (2016): 153-159.
8. Ray Anshu Kumar., et al. “Cursor Motion Control Using Eye Tracking and Computer Vision”. International Conference on Advanced Communication and Intelligent Systems. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland (2022).
9. Narendra, Chilukuri Sai Durga, and BN Srinivasa Gupta. “Eyeball Movement Based Cursor Control”.
10. Pradhan Kanchan., et al. “Eyeball Movement based Cursor Using Machine Learning”. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science 5 (2023): 362-368.
11. Kumar Kiran Nagabhushan. “Analyzing cursor movements with an HMM to assess individual differences in cognition reliably and quickly”. Indiana University (2020).
12. Salunkhe Prashant and Ashwini R Patil. “A review on device controlled using eye movement”. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology 2.1 (2015): 1773-1778.
13. Kim Jaeah., et al. “A hidden Markov model for analyzing eye-tracking of moving objects: Case study in a sustained attention paradigm”. Behavior research methods 52 (2020): 1225-1243.
14. Feng Gary. “Eye movements as time-series random variables: A stochastic model of eye movement control in reading”. Cognitive Systems Research 7.1 (2006): 70-95.
15. Aziz Md Fayeem. “Applications of Hidden Markov Model and Support Vector Machine for State Estimation”. University of Malaya (Malaysia) (2014).
16. Hsiao Janet H., et al. “Eye Movement analysis with Hidden Markov Models (EMHMM) with co- clustering”. Behavior Research Methods 53.6 (2021): 2473-2486.
17. Alhamzawi Hussein Ali. “Control mouse cursor by head movement: Development and implementation”. Applied Medical Informatics 40.3/4 (2018): 39-44.
18. Madhuri K and L Praveen Kumar. "Cursor Movements Controlled by Real Time Hand Gestures”. International Journal of Science and Research 2.2 (2013).
19. Phillips James G and Thomas J Triggs. “Characteristics of cursor trajectories controlled by the computer mouse”. Ergonomics 44.5 (2001): 527-536.
20. Sharanyaa S and Madhumitha RP. “Eyeball Cursor Movement Detection Using Deep Learning”. Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Computing & Communication (ICICC) (2021).
21. Lakshmy TS Swathy, Aswathi Sivadasan and L Nitha. “Detection of Fraudsters in Electronic Auction Using Hidden Markov Model with X-Means Clustering Algorithm”. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 114.11 (2017): 157-165.
22. Ashwini K, R Ponuma and R Amutha. “Fine motor skills and cognitive development using virtual reality-based games in children”. Handbook of Decision Support Systems for Neurological Disorders. Academic Press (2021): 187-201.
23. Sachin Krishnan P, K Rameshkumar and P Krishnakumar. “Hidden Markov modeling of high-speed milling (HSM) process using acoustic emission (AE) signature for predicting tool conditions”. Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering: Proceedings of ICAMME 2019. Springer Singapore (2020).
24. Havirbhavi P, G Tanusha and K Ashwini. “Controlling of Cursor movement with Eyeball using Hidden Markov Model”. 2024 3rd International Conference for Innovation in Technology (INOCON). IEEE (2024).

Citation

G Tanusha., et al. “En abling Cursor Control through Eye Movement using Hidden Markov Model". Clareus Scien tific Science and Engineering 2.4 (2025): 41-51.

Copyright

© 2025 G Tanusha., et al. Licensee Clareus Scientific Publications. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attri bution (CC BY) license.