Additive manufacturing (AM) is a valuable addition to engineering design by enabling complex geometries, reduced waste, and rapid prototyping. Despite these advantages, the structural integrity of 3D-printed components can be limited by several factors, such as anisotropy, porosity, and layer adhesion [1]. Adhesive bonding has gained relevance as an effective method to join 3D-printed components, offering benefits such as stress distribution, energy absorption, and compatibility with complex geometries. Adhesive bonding, unlike mechanical fastening or welding, distributes stresses more uniformly and eliminates the need to drill holes, which are required for bolted joints. In 3D-printed components, adhesives offer a versatile solution to join dissimilar materials or repair parts without inducing heat-affected zones, oppositely to welded joints. However, the effectiveness of adhesive bonding relies on parameters such as surface energy, adhesive type, and the quality of surface preparation [2]. Adhesive bonding of 3D-printed components entail difficulties such as high surface roughness, internal defects, and anisotropic properties due to layer-by-layer deposition. These factors complicate adhesion and require an additional design effort in the adhesive selection, surface treatment, and joint design.
